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Power steering system is a steering system that relies on the physical strength of the driver and cooperates with other power sources as steering energy. Power steering system is divided into hydraulic power steering system and electric power steering system.
It is used to convert part of the mechanical energy output by the engine into pressure energy (hydraulic energy or pneumatic energy), and under the control of the driver, apply hydraulic or pneumatic forces in different directions to a transmission part in the steering transmission device or steering gear, so as to reduce the steering control force of the driver. This system is called power steering system. Under normal circumstances, only a small part of the energy required for steering of vehicles with power steering system is the physical energy provided by the driver, while most of it is the hydraulic energy (or pneumatic energy) provided by the engine driven oil pump (or air compressor).
The power steering system has been widely used in automobile manufacturing in various countries because it makes the steering operation flexible and light, increases the flexibility of selecting the structural form of the steering gear when designing the automobile, and can absorb the impact of the road on the front wheel. However, the main disadvantage of the power steering system with fixed magnification is that if the power steering system with fixed magnification is designed to reduce the force of turning the steering wheel when the vehicle is stopped or driving at low speed, the power steering system with fixed magnification will make the force of turning the steering wheel too small when the vehicle is driving at high speed, It is not conducive to the direction control of high-speed vehicles; On the contrary, if the fixed magnification power steering system is designed to increase the steering force of the vehicle at high speed, it will be very difficult to rotate the steering wheel when the vehicle stops or runs at low speed. The application of electronic control technology in automobile power steering system makes the driving performance of automobile reach a satisfactory level. The electronically controlled power steering system can make the steering light and flexible when driving at low speed; When the vehicle turns in the medium and high speed area, it can ensure to provide the optimal power magnification and stable steering feel, so as to improve the handling stability of high-speed driving.
According to different energy transmission media, the power steering system has two types: pneumatic and hydraulic. Pneumatic power steering system is mainly used in some trucks and buses with a maximum axle load mass of 3 ~ 7T on the front axle and pneumatic braking system. The pneumatic power steering system is also not suitable for trucks with extremely high loading quality, because the working pressure of the pneumatic system is low, and its component size will be too large when used on this heavy vehicle. The working pressure of hydraulic power steering system can be up to more than 10MPa, so its component size is very small. The hydraulic system has no noise, short working lag time, and can absorb the impact from uneven road surface. Therefore, hydraulic power steering system has been widely used in all kinds of vehicles at all levels.